- AACE task force recognized KERENDIA with a grade A recommendation* as a treatment option for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D), an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥25 mL/min/1.73 m2, normal serum potassium concentration and albuminuria (urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio ≥30 mg/g) despite maximum tolerated dose of renin-angiotensin-system inhibitor1
- AACE recommended KERENDIA for kidney and cardiovascular (CV) benefits in CKD associated with T2D, based on its ability to reduce the risk of sustained eGFR decline, end-stage kidney disease, CV death, non-fatal myocardial infarction and hospitalization for heart failure1
- Recommendation follows recent recognition by the American Diabetes Association Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2022 with a new grade A recommendation** for improving CV outcomes and reducing the risk of CKD progression in patients with CKD associated with T2D2
WHIPPANY, N.J. — (BUSINESS WIRE) — The American Association of Clinical Endocrinology (AACE) issued an update to its Developing a Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Care Plan guideline, which included a grade A recommendation* for Bayer’s KERENDIA® (finerenone), a first-in-class non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (ns-MRA), for the management of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D).1
KERENDIA was approved by the FDA in July 2021 to reduce the risk of sustained estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline, end-stage kidney disease, cardiovascular (CV) death, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI) and hospitalization for heart failure in adult patients with CKD associated with T2D, based on the results of the FIDELIO-DKD pivotal trial.3 The KERENDIA label contains a Warning and Precaution that KERENDIA can cause hyperkalemia.3 For more information, see “Important Safety Information” below.
The updated AACE guideline included a recommendation for KERENDIA, an ns-MRA with proven kidney and cardiovascular disease (CVD) benefits, for patients with CKD associated with T2D who have an eGFR ≥25 mL/min/1.73 m2, normal serum potassium concentration and albuminuria (urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio ≥30 mg/g) despite maximum tolerated dose of renin-angiotensin-system (RAS) inhibitor.1 The recommendation is based on data that demonstrated KERENDIA’s ability to reduce the risk of sustained eGFR decline, end-stage kidney disease, CV death, non-fatal MI and hospitalization for heart failure.1
“The guideline takes a fresh look at the latest evidence in today’s environment and provides robust guidance for clinicians to ensure we are providing the highest standards of care,” said Susan L. Samson, M.D., Ph.D., FRCPC, FACE, Interim President Elect and Treasurer of AACE and an author of the guideline in AACE’s press release. “AACE has led the way with clinical knowledge of endocrinology since 1991, and I am proud that with this updated guideline, we can continue to be a proactive force in providing diabetes education, support and guidance.”4
“The latest AACE guideline helps patients and their care teams better understand the treatments and resources available and equips them with the latest scientific evidence to aid critical decisions for optimal disease management,” said Amit Sharma, M.D., Vice President of Cardiovascular and Renal, U.S. Medical Affairs at Bayer. “AACE’s latest guideline update reinforces KERENDIA as a fundamental pillar in the treatment algorithm for preserving kidney function and providing dual cardiorenal risk reduction in chronic kidney disease associated with type 2 diabetes patients with a broad range of chronic kidney disease severity.”1,3
In a joint consensus statement released by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) earlier this month, the clinical bodies recommended inclusion of KERENDIA in the treatment regimen of patients with CKD associated with T2D who have an eGFR ≥25 mL/min/1.73 m2, normal serum potassium concentration and albuminuria (urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio ≥30 mg/g) despite maximum tolerated dose of RAS inhibitor.5
*Recommendations that are granted a grade A recommendation are based on strong evidence proven through clinical trials per the AACE protocols.1
**Recommendations with an A rating, the ADA’s highest recommendation, are based on large, well-designed clinical trials or well-done meta-analyses that have the best chance of improving outcomes. Generally, these recommendations have the best chance of improving outcomes when applied to the population to which they are appropriate.6
About AACE’s Clinical Practice Guideline: Developing a Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Care Plan—2022 Update
AACE guidelines are designed to elevate the practice of clinical endocrinology to benefit patients and are aimed at providing new evidence-based clinical practice recommendations for comprehensive care.1 The 2022 guideline features 170 updated and new evidence-based clinical practice recommendations for diabetes at every stage, including prevention, diagnosis and treatment.1 The 2022 guideline, updated from the 2015 guideline by a task force inclusive of medical experts and staff, synthesizes thousands of articles to provide health care professionals with the latest evidence-based information on the total care of diabetes.1 The 2022 update includes, among other topics, guidance on the use of newer antihyperglycemic therapies with enhanced safety and classes of drugs that reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, heart failure and/or chronic kidney disease, independent of glycemic control.1
About KERENDIA (finerenone)
INDICATION:
- KERENDIA is indicated to reduce the risk of sustained eGFR decline, end-stage kidney disease, cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and hospitalization for heart failure in adult patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D).3
IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION
CONTRAINDICATIONS:
- Concomitant use with strong CYP3A4 inhibitors3
- Patients with adrenal insufficiency3
WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS:
MOST COMMON ADVERSE REACTIONS:
- From the pooled data of 2 placebo-controlled studies, the adverse reactions reported in ≥1% of patients on KERENDIA and more frequently than placebo were hyperkalemia (14% vs 6.9%), hypotension (4.6% vs 3.9%), and hyponatremia (1.3% vs 0.7%).3
DRUG INTERACTIONS:
- Strong CYP3A4 Inhibitors: Concomitant use of KERENDIA with strong CYP3A4 inhibitors is contraindicated. Avoid concomitant intake of grapefruit or grapefruit juice.3
- Moderate and Weak CYP3A4 Inhibitors: Monitor serum potassium during drug initiation or dosage adjustment of either KERENDIA or the moderate or weak CYP3A4 inhibitor and adjust KERENDIA dosage as appropriate.3
- Strong and Moderate CYP3A4 Inducers: Avoid concomitant use of KERENDIA with strong or moderate CYP3A4 inducers.3
USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS:
- Lactation: Avoid breastfeeding during treatment with KERENDIA and for 1 day after treatment.3
- Hepatic Impairment: Avoid use of KERENDIA in patients with severe hepatic impairment (Child Pugh C) and consider additional serum potassium monitoring with moderate hepatic impairment (Child Pugh B).3
Please read the Prescribing Information for KERENDIA.
About Finerenone Phase III Clinical Trials Program
Having randomized more than 13,000 patients with CKD associated with T2D around the world, the Phase III program with finerenone in CKD associated with T2D comprises two studies, evaluating the effect of finerenone versus placebo on top of standard of care on both renal and CV outcomes.3
FIDELIO-DKD (FInerenone in reducing kiDnEy faiLure and dIsease prOgression in Diabetic Kidney Disease) and FIGARO-DKD (FInerenone in reducinG cArdiovascular moRtality and mOrbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease) studies were randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter studies in adult patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D).3 In FIDELIO-DKD, patients needed to either have an UACR of 30 to < 300 mg/g, eGFR 25 to < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and diabetic retinopathy, or an UACR of ≥ 300 mg/g and an eGFR of 25 to < 75 mL/min/1.73 m2 to qualify for enrollment.3 In FIGARO-DKD, patients needed to have an UACR of 30 mg/g to < 300 mg/g and an eGFR of 25 to 90 mL/min/1.73 m2, or an UACR ≥ 300 mg/g and an eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2.3
Both trials excluded patients with known significant non-diabetic kidney disease.3 All patients were to have a serum potassium ≤ 4.8 mEq/L at screening and be receiving standard of care background therapy, including a maximum tolerated labeled dose of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB).3 Patients with a clinical diagnosis of chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and persistent symptoms (New York Heart Association class II to IV) were excluded.3 The starting dose of KERENDIA was based on screening eGFR (10 mg once daily in patients with an eGFR of 25 to < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and 20 mg once daily in patients with an eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2).3 The dose of KERENDIA could be titrated during the study, with a target dose of 20 mg daily.3
The primary objective of the FIDELIO-DKD study was to determine whether KERENDIA reduced the incidence of a sustained decline in eGFR of ≥ 40%, kidney failure (defined as chronic dialysis, kidney transplantation, or a sustained decrease in eGFR to < 15 mL/min/1.73 m2), or renal death.3 The secondary outcome was a composite of time to first occurrence of CV death, non-fatal MI, non-fatal stroke or hospitalization for heart failure.3 The primary objective of the FIGARO-DKD study was to determine whether KERENDIA reduced the time to first occurrence of CV death, non-fatal MI, non-fatal stroke or hospitalization for heart failure.3 The secondary outcome was a composite of time to kidney failure, a sustained decline in eGFR of 40% or more compared to baseline over at least 4 weeks, or renal death.3
In FIDELIO-DKD, a total of 5674 patients were randomized to receive KERENDIA (N=2833) or placebo (N=2841) and were followed for a median of 2.6 years.3 The mean age of the study population was 66 years, and 70% of patients were male.3 This global trial population was 63% White, 25% Asian, and 5% Black (24% Black in the US).3 At baseline, the mean eGFR was 44 mL/min/1.73 m2, with 55% of patients having an eGFR < 45 mL/min/1.73 m2.3 Median urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) was 852 mg/g, mean glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was 7.7%, and the mean blood pressure was 138/76 mmHg.3 Approximately 46% of patients had a history of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and 8% had a history of heart failure.3 At baseline, 99.8% of patients were treated with an ACEi or ARB.3 Approximately 97% were on an antidiabetic agent (insulin [64.1%], biguanides [44%], glucagon-like peptide-1 [GLP-1] receptor agonists [7%], sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 [SGLT2] inhibitors [5%]), 74% were on a statin, and 57% were on an antiplatelet agent.3
In FIGARO-DKD, a total of 7352 patients were randomized to receive KERENDIA (N=3686) or placebo (N=3666) and were followed for 3.4 years.3 As compared to FIDELIO-DKD, baseline eGFR was higher in FIGARO-DKD (mean eGFR 68, with 62% of patients having an eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) and median UACR was lower (308 mg/g).3 Otherwise, baseline patient characteristics and background therapies were similar in the two trials.3
In FIDELIO-DKD, KERENDIA reduced the incidence of the primary composite endpoint of a sustained decline in eGFR of ≥ 40%, kidney failure, or renal death (HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.73-0.93, P=0.001).3 The treatment effect reflected a reduction in a sustained decline in eGFR of ≥ 40% and progression to kidney failure.3 There were few renal deaths during the trial. KERENDIA also reduced the incidence of the secondary composite endpoint of cardiovascular (CV) death, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), non-fatal stroke or hospitalization for heart failure (HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.75-0.99, P=0.034).3 The treatment effect reflected a reduction in CV death, non-fatal MI, and hospitalization for heart failure.3 The treatment effect on the primary and secondary composite endpoints was generally consistent across subgroups.3
In FIGARO-DKD, KERENDIA reduced the incidence of the primary composite endpoint of CV death, non-fatal MI, non-fatal stroke or hospitalization for heart failure (HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.76-0.98, P=0.026).3 The treatment effect was mainly driven by an effect on hospitalization for heart failure, though CV death also contributed to the treatment effect.3 The treatment effect on the primary composite endpoint was generally consistent across subgroups, including patients with and without pre-existing cardiovascular disease.3 The secondary composite outcome of kidney failure, sustained eGFR decline of 40% or more or renal death occurred in 350 patients (9.5%) in the finerenone group and in 395 (10.8%) in the placebo group (HR=0.87, 95% CI 0.76-1.01).3,7
The safety of KERENDIA was evaluated in 2 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter pivotal phase 3 studies, FIDELIO-DKD and FIGARO-DKD, in which a total of 6510 patients were treated with 10 or 20 mg once daily over a mean duration of 2.2 and 2.9 years, respectively.3 Overall, serious adverse events occurred in 32% of patients receiving KERENDIA and in 34% of patients receiving placebo in the FIDELIO-DKD study; the findings were similar in the FIGARO-DKD study.3 Permanent discontinuations due to adverse events also occurred in a similar proportion of patients in the two studies (6-7% of patients receiving KERENDIA and in 5-6% of patients receiving placebo).3 From the pooled data of 2 placebo-controlled studies, the adverse reactions reported in ≥1% of patients on KERENDIA and more frequently than placebo were hyperkalemia (14% vs 6.9%), hypotension (4.6% vs 3.9%), and hyponatremia (1.3% vs 0.7%).3 The most frequently reported (≥ 10%) adverse reaction in both studies was hyperkalemia.3 Hospitalization due to hyperkalemia for the KERENDIA group was 0.9% vs 0.2% in the placebo group across both studies.3 Hyperkalemia led to permanent discontinuation of treatment in 1.7% receiving KERENDIA versus 0.6% of patients receiving placebo across both studies.3
About Chronic Kidney Disease Associated With Type 2 Diabetes
Patients with CKD associated with T2D are three times more likely to die from a CV-related cause than those with T2D alone.8 CKD is a serious and progressive condition that is generally underrecognized.9 CKD is a frequent complication arising from T2D and is also an independent risk factor of CV disease.10-12 Approximately 40% of all patients with T2D develop CKD.12 Despite guideline-directed therapies, patients with CKD associated with T2D remain at high risk of CKD progression and CV events.10,11,13,14 T2D is the leading cause of end-stage kidney disease, which requires dialysis or a kidney transplant to stay alive.15-17
About Bayer’s Commitment in Cardiovascular and Kidney Diseases
Bayer is an innovation leader in the area of cardiovascular diseases, with a long-standing commitment to delivering science for a better life by advancing a portfolio of innovative treatments. The heart and the kidneys are closely linked in health and disease, and Bayer is working in a wide range of therapeutic areas on new treatment approaches for cardiovascular and kidney diseases with high unmet medical needs. The cardiology franchise at Bayer already includes a number of products and several other compounds in various stages of preclinical and clinical development. Together, these products reflect the company’s approach to research, which prioritizes targets and pathways with the potential to impact the way that cardiovascular diseases are treated.
About Bayer
Bayer is a global enterprise with core competencies in the life science fields of health care and nutrition. Its products and services are designed to help people and the planet thrive by supporting efforts to master the major challenges presented by a growing and aging global population. Bayer is committed to drive sustainable development and generate a positive impact with its businesses. At the same time, the Group aims to increase its earning power and create value through innovation and growth. The Bayer brand stands for trust, reliability and quality throughout the world. In fiscal 2021, the Group employed around 100,000 people and had sales of 44.1 billion euros. R&D expenses before special items amounted to 5.3 billion euros. For more information, go to www.bayer.com.
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Forward-Looking Statements
This release may contain forward-looking statements based on current assumptions and forecasts made by Bayer management. Various known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors could lead to material differences between the actual future results, financial situation, development or performance of the company and the estimates given here. These factors include those discussed in Bayer’s public reports which are available on the Bayer website at www.bayer.com. The company assumes no liability whatsoever to update these forward-looking statements or to conform them to future events or developments.
References:
- Blonde L, Umpierrez GE, McGill JB, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinology clinical practice guideline: developing a diabetes mellitus comprehensive care plan—2022 update. Endocr Pract. 2022;S1530-891X(22)00576-6. doi:10.1016/j.eprac.2022.08.002.
- ADA Professional Practice Committee. Addendum. 10. Cardiovascular disease and risk management: standards of medical care in diabetes—2022. Diabetes Care. 2022;45(suppl 1):S144-S174. doi:10.2337/dc22-ad08
- KERENDIA (finerenone) [prescribing information]. Whippany, NJ: Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; September 2022.
- American Association of Clinical Endocrinology. Updated diabetes guideline released by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinology features the latest state-of-the-science in diabetes care. Accessed September 2022. https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/updated-diabetes-guideline-released-by-the-american-association-of-clinical-endocrinology-features-the-latest-state-of-the-science-in-diabetes-care-301633516.html
- de Boer IH, Khunti K, Sadusky T, et al. Diabetes management in chronic kidney disease: a consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). Diabetes Care. 2022:dci220027. doi:10.2337/dci22-0027.
- American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. Chronic kidney disease and risk management: standards of medical care in diabetes—2017. Diabetes Care. 2017;40(suppl 1):S1-S2. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc17-S001
- Pitt B, Filippatos G, Agarwal R, et al. Cardiovascular events with finerenone in kidney disease and type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2021;385(24):2252-2263. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2110956
- Afkarian M, Sachs MC, Kestenbaum B, et al. Kidney disease and increased mortality risk in type 2 diabetes. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2013;24(2):302-308.
- Breyer MD, Susztak K. Developing treatments for chronic kidney disease in the 21st century. Semin Nephrol. 2016;36(6):436-447.
- Anders HJ, Huber TB, Isermann B, et al. CKD in diabetes: diabetic kidney disease versus nondiabetic kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2018;14:361-377.
- Thomas MC, Brownlee M, Susztak K, et al. Diabetic kidney disease. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2015;1:1-20.
- Bailey RA, Wang Y, Zhu V, et al. Chronic kidney disease in US adults with type 2 diabetes: an updated national estimate of prevalence based on Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) staging. BMC Res Notes. 2014;7(1):415. doi:10.1186/1756-0500-7-415
- KDIGO 2012 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2013;3:1-150. https://kdigo.org/guidelines/ckd-evaluation-and-management/
- American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes—2021. Diabetes Care. 2021;44(1):1-244.
- National Diabetes Statistics Report 2020: Estimates of Diabetes and Its Burden in the United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed July 9, 2021. https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/pdfs/data/statistics/national-diabetes-statistics-report.pdf
- Stages of CKD. American Kidney Fund. Accessed May 11, 2021. https://www.kidneyfund.org/kidney-disease/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd/stages-of-chronic-kidney-disease/
- United States Renal Data System. USRDS Annual Data Report. National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; 2020. Accessed November 2021. https://adr.usrds.org/2020/chronic-kidney-disease/6-healthcare-expenditures-for-persons-with-ckd
Contacts
Media:
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Email: elaine.colon@bayer.com
